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Indian Evidence Act, 1872 → Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
IEA to BSA — complete section list
Every section of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 mapped to its equivalent in the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023.
All 191 mapped sections are listed below. Each one opens a side-by-side page with the old and new text, what changed, and a drafting-ready sentence you can lift into a pleading. If you would rather search than browse, the IEA → BSA converter takes a section number directly.
Sections 1–99
- IEA 1 → BSA 1 — Short title, application and commencement
- IEA 3 Interpret ation clause → BSA 2 — Definitions
- IEA 3, para 1 → BSA 2(1)(a) — Court
- IEA 4, para 3 → BSA 2(1)(b) — conclusive proof
- IEA 3, para 8 → BSA 2(1)(c) — disproved
- IEA 3, para 5 → BSA 2(1)(d) — document
- IEA 3, para 6 → BSA 2(1)(e) — evidence
- IEA 3, para 2 → BSA 2(1)(f) — fact
- IEA 3, para 4 → BSA 2(1)(g) — facts in issue
- IEA 4, para 1 → BSA 2(1)(h) — may presume
- IEA 3, para 9 → BSA 2(1)(i) — not proved
- IEA 3, para 7 → BSA 2(1)(j) — proved
- IEA 3, para 3 → BSA 2(1)(k) — relevant
- IEA 4, para 2 → BSA 2(1)(l) — shall presume
- IEA 5 → BSA 3 — Evidence maybe given of facts in issue and relevant facts
- IEA 6 → BSA 4 — Relevancy of facts forming part of same transaction
- IEA 7 → BSA 5 — Facts which are occasion, cause or effect of facts in issue or relevant facts
- IEA 8 → BSA 6 — Motive, preparation and previous or subsequent conduct
- IEA 9 → BSA 7 — Facts necessary to explain or introduce fact in issue or relevant facts
- IEA 10 → BSA 8 — Things said or done by conspirator in reference to common design
- IEA 11 → BSA 9 — When facts not otherwise relevant become relevant
- IEA 12 → BSA 10 — Facts tending to enable Court to determine amount are relevant in suits for damages
- IEA 13 → BSA 11 — Facts relevant when right or custom is in question
- IEA 14 → BSA 12 — Facts showing existence of state of mind, or of body or bodily feeling
- IEA 15 → BSA 13 — Facts bearing on question whether act was accidental or intentional
- IEA 16 → BSA 14 — Existence of course of business when relevant
- IEA 17 → BSA 15 — Admission defined
- IEA 18 → BSA 16 — Admission by party to proceeding or his agent
- IEA 19 → BSA 17 — Admissions by persons whose position must be proved as against party to suit
- IEA 20 → BSA 18 — Admissions by persons expressly referred to by party to suit
- IEA 21 → BSA 19 — Proof of admissions against persons making them, and by or on their behalf
- IEA 22 → BSA 20 — When oral admissions as to contents of documents are relevant
- IEA 23 → BSA 21 — Admissions in civil cases when relevant
- IEA 24 → BSA 22(1) — Confession caused by inducement, threat, coercion or promise, when irrelevant in criminal proceeding
- IEA 28 → BSA First proviso to section 22 — Confession made after removal of impression caused by inducement, threat or promise, relevant
- IEA 29 → BSA Second proviso to section 22 — Confession otherwise relevant not to become irrelevant because of promise of secrecy, etc
- IEA 25 → BSA 23(1) — Confession to police officer
- IEA 26 → BSA 23(2) — Confession by accused while in custody of police not to be proved against him
- IEA 27 → BSA Proviso to section 23 — How much of information received from accused may be proved
- IEA 30 → BSA 24 — Consideration of proved confession affecting person making it and others jointly under trial for same offence
- IEA 31 → BSA 25 — Admissions not conclusive proof, but may estop
- IEA 32 → BSA 26 — Cases in which statement of relevant fact by person who is dead or cannot be found, etc., is relevant
- IEA 33 → BSA 27 — Relevancy of certain evidence for proving, in subsequent proceeding, truth of facts therein stated
- IEA 34 → BSA 28 — Entries in books of account when relevant
- IEA 35 → BSA 29 — Relevancy of entry in public record or an electronic record made in performance of duty
- IEA 36 → BSA 30 — Relevancy of statements in maps, charts and plans
- IEA 37 → BSA 31 — Relevancy of statement as to fact of public nature contained in certain Acts or notifications
- IEA 38 → BSA 32 — Relevancy of statements as to any law contained in law books including electronic or digital form
- IEA 39 → BSA 33 — What evidence to be given when statement forms part of a conversation, document, electronic record, book or series of letters or papers
- IEA 40 → BSA 34 — Previous judgments relevant to bar a second suit or trial
- IEA 41 → BSA 35 — Relevancy of certain judgments in probate, etc., jurisdiction
- IEA 42 → BSA 36 — Relevancy and effect of judgments, orders or decrees, other than those mentioned in section35[41 IEA]
- IEA 43 → BSA 37 — Judgments, etc., other than those mentioned in sections 34, 35 and 36 [40to 42 IEA] when relevant
- IEA 44 → BSA 38 — Fraud or collusion in obtaining judgment, or incompetency of Court, may be proved
- IEA 45 → BSA 39(1) — Opinions of experts
- IEA 45A → BSA 39(2) — Opinion of Examiner of Electronic Evidence
- IEA 46 → BSA 40 — Facts bearing upon opinions of experts
- IEA 47 → BSA 41(1) — Opinion as to handwriting and signature, when relevant
- IEA 47A → BSA 41(2) — Opinion as to electronic signature, when relevant
- IEA 48 → BSA 42 — Opinion as to existence of general custom or right, when relevant
- IEA 49 → BSA 43 — Opinion as to usages, tenets, etc., when relevant
- IEA 50 → BSA 44 — Opinion on relationship, when relevant
- IEA 51 → BSA 45 — Grounds of opinion, when relevant
- IEA 52 → BSA 46 — In civil cases character to prove conduct imputed, irrelevant
- IEA 53 → BSA 47 — In criminal cases previous good character relevant
- IEA 53A → BSA 48 — Evidence of character or previous sexual experience not relevant in certain cases
- IEA 54 → BSA 49 — Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply
- IEA 55 → BSA 50 — Character as affecting damages
- IEA 56 → BSA 51 — Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved
- IEA 57 → BSA 52 — Facts of which Court shall take judicial notice
- IEA 58 → BSA 53 — Facts admitted need not be proved
- IEA 59 → BSA 54 — Proof of facts by oral evidence
- IEA 60 → BSA 55 — Oral evidence to be direct
- IEA 61 → BSA 56 — Proof of contents of documents
- IEA 62 → BSA 57 — Primary evidence
- IEA 63 → BSA 58 — Secondary evidence
- IEA 64 → BSA 59 — Proof of documents by primary evidence
- IEA 65 → BSA 60 — Cases in which secondary evidence relating to documents may be given
- IEA 65A → BSA 62 — Special provisions as to evidence relating to electronic record
- IEA 65B → BSA 63 — Admissibility of electronic records
- IEA 66 → BSA 64 — Rules as to notice to produce
- IEA 67 → BSA 65 — Proof of signature and handwriting of person alleged to have signed or written document produced
- IEA 67A → BSA 66 — Proof as to electronic signature
- IEA 68 → BSA 67 — Proof of execution of document required by law to be attested
- IEA 69 → BSA 68 — Proof where no attesting witness found
- IEA 70 → BSA 69 — Admission of execution by party to attested document
- IEA 71 → BSA 70 — Proof when attesting witness denies execution
- IEA 72 → BSA 71 — Proof of document not required by law to be attested
- IEA 73 → BSA 72 — Comparison of signature, writing or seal with others admitted or proved
- IEA 73A → BSA 73 — Proof as to verification of digital signature
- IEA 74 → BSA 74(1) — Public and private documents
- IEA 75 → BSA 74(2) — Public and private documents
- IEA 76 → BSA 75 — Certified copies of public documents
- IEA 77 → BSA 76 — Proof of documents by production of certified copies
- IEA 78 → BSA 77 — Proof of other official documents
- IEA 79 → BSA 78 — Presumption as to genuineness of certified copies
- IEA 80 → BSA 79 — Presumption as to documents produced as record of evidence, etc
- IEA 81 → BSA 80 — Presumption as to Gazettes, newspapers, [private Acts of parliament] and other documents
- IEA 81A → BSA 81 — Presumption as to Gazettes in electronic or digital record
- IEA 83 → BSA 82 — Presumption as to maps or plans made by authority of Government
- IEA 84 → BSA 83 — Presumption as to collections of laws and reports of decisions
- IEA 85 → BSA 84 — Presumption as to powers-of- attorney
- IEA 85A → BSA 85 — Presumption as to electronic agreements
- IEA 85B → BSA 86 — Presumption as to electronic records and electronic signatures
- IEA 85C → BSA 87 — Presumption as to Electronic Signature Certificates
- IEA 86 → BSA 88 — Presumption as to certified copies of foreign judicial records
- IEA 87 → BSA 89 — Presumption as to books, maps and charts
- IEA 88A → BSA 90 — Presumption as to electronic messages
- IEA 89 → BSA 91 — Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced
- IEA 90 → BSA 92 — Presumption as to documents thirty years old
- IEA 90A → BSA 93 — Presumption as to electronic records five years old
- IEA 91 → BSA 94 — Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document
- IEA 92 → BSA 95 — Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement
- IEA 93 → BSA 96 — Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document
- IEA 94 → BSA 97 — Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts
- IEA 95 → BSA 98 — Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts
- IEA 96 → BSA 99 — Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons
- IEA 97 → BSA 100 — Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies
- IEA 98 → BSA 101 — Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc
- IEA 99 → BSA 102 — Who may give evidence of agreement varying terms of document
Sections 100–199
- IEA 100 → BSA 103 — Saving of provisions of Indian Succession Act relating to wills
- IEA 101 → BSA 104 — Burden of proof
- IEA 102 → BSA 105 — On whom burden of proof lies
- IEA 103 → BSA 106 — Burden of proof as to particular fact
- IEA 104 → BSA 107 — Burden of proving fact to be proved to make evidence admissible
- IEA 105 → BSA 108 — Burden of proving that case of accused comes within exceptions
- IEA 106 → BSA 109 — Burden of proving fact especially within knowledge
- IEA 107 → BSA 110 — Burden of proving death of person known to have been alive within thirty years
- IEA 108 → BSA 111 — Burden of proving that person is alive who has not been heard of for seven years
- IEA 109 → BSA 112 — Burden of proof as to relationship in the cases of partners, landlord and tenant, principal and agent
- IEA 110 → BSA 113 — Burden of proof as to ownership
- IEA 111 → BSA 114 — Proof of good faith in transactions where one party is in relation of active confidence
- IEA 111A → BSA 115 — Presumption as to certain offences
- IEA 112 → BSA 116 — Birth during marriage, conclusive proof of legitimacy
- IEA 113A → BSA 117 — Presumption as to abetment of suicide by a married woman
- IEA 113B → BSA 118 — Presumption as to dowry death
- IEA 114 → BSA 119 — Court may presume existence of certain facts
- IEA 114A → BSA 120 — Presumption as to absence of consent in certain prosecution for rape
- IEA 115 → BSA 121 — Estoppel
- IEA 116 → BSA 122 — Estoppel of tenant and of licensee of person in possession
- IEA 117 → BSA 123 — Estoppel of acceptor of bill of exchange, bailee or licensee
- IEA 118 → BSA 124 — Who may testify
- IEA 119 → BSA 125 — Witness unable to communicate verbally
- IEA 120 → BSA 126 — Competency of husband and wife as witnesses in certain cases
- IEA 121 → BSA 127 — Judges and Magistrates
- IEA 122 → BSA 128 — Communications during marriage
- IEA 123 → BSA 129 — Evidence as to affairs of State
- IEA 124 → BSA 130 — Official communications
- IEA 125 → BSA 131 — Information as to commission of offences
- IEA 126 → BSA 132(1) & (2) — Professional communications
- IEA 127 → BSA 132(3) — Professional communications to apply interpreters, etc
- IEA 128 → BSA 133 — Privilege not waived by volunteering evidence
- IEA 129 → BSA 134 — Confidential communication with legal advisers
- IEA 130 → BSA 135 — Production of title-deeds of witness not a party
- IEA 131 → BSA 136 — Production of documents or electronic records which another person, having possession, could refuse to produce
- IEA 132 → BSA 137 — Witness not excused from answering on ground that answer will criminate
- IEA 133 → BSA 138 — Accomplice
- IEA 134 → BSA 139 — Number of witnesses
- IEA 135 → BSA 140 — Order of production and examination of witnesses
- IEA 136 → BSA 141 — Judge to decide as to admissibility of evidence
- IEA 137 → BSA 142 — Examination of witnesses
- IEA 138 → BSA 143 — Order of examinations
- IEA 139 → BSA 144 — Cross- examination of person called to produce a document
- IEA 140 → BSA 145 — Witnesses to character
- IEA 141 → BSA 146(1) — Leading questions
- IEA 142 → BSA 146(2) & (3) — When they (leading) must not be asked
- IEA 143 → BSA 146(4) — When they (leading) may be asked
- IEA 144 → BSA 147 — Evidence as to matters in writing
- IEA 145 → BSA 148 — Cross- examination as to previous statements in writing
- IEA 146 → BSA 149 — Questions lawful in cross- examination
- IEA 147 → BSA 150 — When witness to be compelled to answer
- IEA 148 → BSA 151 — Court to decide when question shall be asked and when witness compelled to answer
- IEA 149 → BSA 152 — Question not to be asked without reasonable grounds
- IEA 150 → BSA 153 — Procedure of Court in case of question being asked without reasonable grounds
- IEA 151 → BSA 154 — Indecent and scandalous questions
- IEA 152 → BSA 155 — Questions intended to insult or annoy
- IEA 153 → BSA 156 — Exclusion of evidence to contradict answers to questions testing veracity
- IEA 154 → BSA 157 — Question by party to his own witness
- IEA 155 → BSA 158 — Impeaching credit of witness
- IEA 156 → BSA 159 — Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible
- IEA 157 → BSA 160 — Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact
- IEA 158 → BSA 161 — What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 26 or 27. [ section 32 or 33]
- IEA 159 → BSA 162 — Refreshing memory
- IEA 160 → BSA 163 — Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 162[159]
- IEA 161 → BSA 164 — Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory
- IEA 162 → BSA 165 — Production of documents
- IEA 163 → BSA 166 — Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice
- IEA 164 → BSA 167 — Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice
- IEA 165 → BSA 168 — Judge's power to put questions or order production
- IEA 167 → BSA 169 — No new trial for improper admission or rejection of evidence