Indian Evidence Act, 1872 → Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
IEA 159BSA 162
Refreshing memory
Canonical: https://www.vakilpedia.com/iea-159-to-bsa
What changed
- Paragraphs are numbered as subsections (1) and (2).
- Sub-heading words "When witness may use copy of document to refresh memory" are excluded from subsection (2).
- Words "Provided that" and "Provided further that" are added in provisos.
Drafting-ready
Under Section 162 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (formerly Section 159 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872)...
Bare act text — BSA 162
162. Refreshing memory.—(1) A witness may, while under examination, refresh his memory by referring to any writing made by himself at the time of the transaction concerning which he is questioned, or so soon afterwards that the Court considers it likely that the transaction was at that time fresh in his memory: Provided that the witness may also refer to any such writing made by any other person, an d read by the witness within the time aforesaid, if when he read it, he knew it to be correct. (2) Whenever a witness may refresh his memory by reference to any document, he may, with the permission of the Court, refer to a copy of such document: Provided that the Court be satisfied that there is sufficient reason for the non -production of the original: Provided further that an expert may refresh his memory by reference to professional treatises.
Frequently asked
What is IEA 159 equivalent in BSA?
IEA Section 159 (Refreshing memory) corresponds to Section 162 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA).
What changed between IEA 159 and BSA 162?
Paragraphs are numbered as subsections (1) and (2). Sub-heading words "When witness may use copy of document to refresh memory" are excluded from subsection (2). Words "Provided that" and "Provided further that" are added in provisos.
How do I cite BSA 162 in a pleading?
Under Section 162 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (formerly Section 159 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872)...
Need another section? The full converter covers IEA to BSA, CrPC to BNSS and IEA to BSA.
Open the converterNearby IEA sections
- IEA 154 → BSA 157 — Question by party to his own witness
- IEA 155 → BSA 158 — Impeaching credit of witness
- IEA 156 → BSA 159 — Questions tending to corroborate evidence of relevant fact, admissible
- IEA 157 → BSA 160 — Former statements of witness may be proved to corroborate later testimony as to same fact
- IEA 158 → BSA 161 — What matters may be proved in connection with proved statement relevant under section 26 or 27. [ section 32 or 33]
- IEA 160 → BSA 163 — Testimony to facts stated in document mentioned in section 162[159]
- IEA 161 → BSA 164 — Right of adverse party as to writing used to refresh memory
- IEA 162 → BSA 165 — Production of documents
- IEA 163 → BSA 166 — Giving, as evidence, of document called for and produced on notice
- IEA 164 → BSA 167 — Using, as evidence, of document production of which was refused on notice