Indian Evidence Act, 1872 → Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
IEA 93BSA 96
Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document
Canonical: https://www.vakilpedia.com/iea-93-to-bsa
What changed
- In illustrations, "Rs. 1000" and "Rs. 1500" are replaced by "one lakh rupees" "one lakh fifty thousand rupees" respectively.
Drafting-ready
Under Section 96 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (formerly Section 93 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872)...
Bare act text — BSA 96
96. Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document .—When the language used in a document is, on its face, ambiguous or defective, evidence may not be given of facts which would show its meaning or supply its defects. Illustrations. (a) A agrees, in writing, to sell a horse to B for “one lakh rupees or one lakh fifty thousand rupees ”. Evidence cannot be given to show which price was to be given. (b) A deed contains blanks. Evidence cannot be given of facts which would show how they were meant to be filled.
Frequently asked
What is IEA 93 equivalent in BSA?
IEA Section 93 (Exclusion of evidence to explain or amend ambiguous document) corresponds to Section 96 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (BSA).
What changed between IEA 93 and BSA 96?
In illustrations, "Rs. 1000" and "Rs. 1500" are replaced by "one lakh rupees" "one lakh fifty thousand rupees" respectively.
How do I cite BSA 96 in a pleading?
Under Section 96 of the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023 (formerly Section 93 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872)...
Need another section? The full converter covers IEA to BSA, CrPC to BNSS and IEA to BSA.
Open the converterNearby IEA sections
- IEA 89 → BSA 91 — Presumption as to due execution, etc., of documents not produced
- IEA 90 → BSA 92 — Presumption as to documents thirty years old
- IEA 90A → BSA 93 — Presumption as to electronic records five years old
- IEA 91 → BSA 94 — Evidence of terms of contracts, grants and other dispositions of property reduced to form of document
- IEA 92 → BSA 95 — Exclusion of evidence of oral agreement
- IEA 94 → BSA 97 — Exclusion of evidence against application of document to existing facts
- IEA 95 → BSA 98 — Evidence as to document unmeaning in reference to existing facts
- IEA 96 → BSA 99 — Evidence as to application of language which can apply to one only of several persons
- IEA 97 → BSA 100 — Evidence as to application of language to one of two sets of facts, to neither of which the whole correctly applies
- IEA 98 → BSA 101 — Evidence as to meaning of illegible characters, etc