Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023
BSA Section 54
Proof of facts by oral evidence
In one line
BSA Section 54 deals with proof of facts by oral evidence and replaces Evidence Act 59.
Bare act text — BSA 54
54. Proof of facts by oral evidence.
All facts, except the contents of documents may be proved by oral evidence.
What changed from the Evidence Act
- Evidence Act 59 → BSA 54: Words "or electronic records" are excluded.
Frequently asked
What was BSA Section 54 in the Evidence Act?
BSA Section 54 (Proof of facts by oral evidence) replaces Section 59 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872. Evidence Act 59 is now BSA 54.
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Nearby BSA sections
- BSA 49 — Previous bad character not relevant, except in reply
- BSA 50 — Character as affecting damages
- BSA 51 — Fact judicially noticeable need not be proved
- BSA 52 — Facts of which Court shall take judicial notice
- BSA 53 — Facts admitted need not be proved
- BSA 55 — Oral evidence to be direct
- BSA 56 — Proof of contents of documents
- BSA 57 — Primary evidence
- BSA 58 — Secondary evidence
- BSA 59 — Proof of documents by primary evidence